from the point of view of the economicanalysis of law,one of the goals of the legal institution is "registration of real estate transactions",reducing and correcting "Imperfect Contracts" and "Transaction Costs" for the "optimal use of scarce resources" i.e. real estate. considering that unregistered real estate transaction is one of the most important examples of Imperfect Contract, therefore, it is important to analyze the mutual impact of the economic theories of Imperfect Contracts and transaction costs with the legal system of secondary registration, in preventing Contractual defects. therefore, the question arises that how does the existence of the secondary registration system help to correct Imperfect Contracts and reduce the costs of real estate transactions? This research is theoretical-applied and the research method in it is library and the method of investigating the issue and analyzing the data is descriptive-analytical. finally, it was concluded that the existence of an Imperfect registration system leads to the conclusion of Imperfect Contracts from the point of view of law and causes an increase in transaction costs.it is desirable not to have an "Absolutely Imperfect real estate Contract" from the point of view of economy. therefore, the existence of the principle of mandatory registration of transactions is necessary.in fact, a secondary registration system with full legal effect, it leads to the conclusion of a perfect Contract from the point of view of law and a partially Imperfect Contract from the point of view of economy and causes the reduction of real estate transaction costs.

The ratification of the unauthorized Contract is subject to the owner's will, and the will is the inclination and desire to perform. Understandability is a characteristic of will. Thus, for a will to have legal effects, it needs to be expressed. The same applies to the owner's will to ratify or reject the unauthorized Contract, which the civil code has also emphasized and considered positive behavior and action necessary for its ratification or rejection. However, in many cases, we are faced with the owner's silence or omission. Silence can be considered an expression of will not only when accompanied by evidence and clues, but also in the absence of any evidence or clues, and its recognition requires the drawing of criteria. In this article, by analyzing and interpreting texts and content, examining library sources, and looking at objective problems, we support this idea that the owner's mere silence or omission, knowing the conclusion of the Contract, and having the opportunity and time to express his opinion about the Contract, even if there is no evidence accompanying his silence, can indicate the owner's will to ratify the Contract.

Introduction & Objective: Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a generalized connective tissue disorder and it is mostly inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. It may present with fragile bones, blue sclerae and hearing loss. We present two cases of OI. Case presentation: First case is a 18 Y/O man referred with bilateral hearing loss, who had 40db hearing loss in left side (operated ear) and underwent stapedotomy and received a good hearing. Second case is a 13 Y/O boy referred with bilateral hearing loss, who had 45db hearing loss in left side (operated ear) and underwent stapedotomy and received a good hearing with SRT less than 15.  Conclusion: If the patient is selected properly, good result is achieved.

We address the throughput maximization problem for downlink transmission in DF-relay-assisted cognitive radio networks (CRNs) based on simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) capability. In this envisioned network, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay and secondary user (SU) equipment are designed to handle both radio frequency (RF) signal energy harvesting and SWIPT functional tasks. Additionally, the cognitive base station (CBS) communicates with the SU only via the MIMO relay. Based on the considered network model, several combined constraints of the main problem complicate the solution. Therefore, in this paper, we apply heuristic guidelines within the convex optimization framework to handle this complexity. First, consider the problem of maximizing throughput on both sides of the relay separately. Second, each side progresses to solve the complex problem optimally by adopting strategies for solving sub-problems. Finally, these optimal solutions are synthesized by proposing a heuristic iterative power allocation algorithm that satisfies the combinatorial constraints with short convergence times. The performance of the optimal proposed algorithm (OPA) is evaluated against benchmark algorithms via numerical results on optimality, convergence time, constraints’ compliance, and Imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the CBS-PU link.

It is possible to noticeably increase the capacity of wireless communication systems through the use of multiple antennas both in the transmitter and in the receiver. In such systems, which are referred to in short as MIMO, the receiver uses its knowledge of the channel to detect the transmitted signal. Different methods have been proposed for optimal and sub-optimal detection of the transmitted signals. Recently, principles of deep learning and implementing neural networks have been employed as a near optimal approach for MIMO detection with fewer calculations during the testing process compared to traditional methods. In the event an error occurs in the receiver’ s channel estimation process, this type of detector suffers a drop in performance and as a result, BER will increase. Given that in practice, the receiver only has an estimation of the CSI instead of the exact values, the current study presents an enhanced detection method based on deep learning, which is also robust against channel estimation error. In this detection method, by using the covariance matrix of the channel estimator and the principles of deep learning, a robust detector against channel estimation error is proposed and comprehensively evaluated. Numerical simulations confirm the performance of the proposed method.

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been proven as an excellent data-oriented efficiency analysis method when multiple inputs and outputs are present in a set of decision making units (DMUs). In conventional DEA we assume that the produced outputs are perfect. However in real applications, there are systems which their produced outputs are possibly Imperfect and defective. These outputs enter the system as inputs once again and after rebuilding, they will be completed. The present paper proposes a modification of the standard DEA model to incorporate such Imperfect outputs. Numerical example is used to demonstrate the approach.